FullBoot

Wasil Ibn 'ata'

2005-04-04T15:55:00.000-07:00

As a young man Wasil went to Basra, Iraq, where he studied under the celebrated ascetic Hasan al-Basri and met other influential religious figures who lived there. In Wasil's time there began the discussions that led to the development of Islamic

Arupa-loka

2005-04-04T09:49:00.000-07:00

In arupa-loka, existence depends on the stage

Kuwait

2005-04-04T01:50:00.000-07:00

Prior to the terrorist attacks in New York City and near Washington, D.C., on Sept. 11, 2001, strength in oil prices had led economic analysts to predict another year of prosperity for Kuwait. The strong oil market had boosted gross domestic product growth in the country for a second year in a row. Following September 11, however, slumping demand in Kuwait's principal markets, Asia

Writing

2005-04-03T19:37:00.000-07:00

This definition highlights the fact that writing is in principle the representation of language rather than a direct representation of thought and the fact that spoken language has a number of levels of structure, including

Mental Disorder, Affective disorders

2005-04-03T09:37:00.000-07:00

Depression is characterized by a sad or hopeless mood, pessimistic thinking, a loss of enjoyment and interest in one's usual activities and pastimes, reduced energy and vitality,

Poland, History Of, World War II

2005-04-03T06:13:00.000-07:00

The Poles, fighting alone against the Wehrmacht's overwhelming might, particularly in air power and armour, were doomed. On September 17 the Red Army invaded Poland from the east, and on September 28 Hitler and Stalin agreed on a final partition, the Soviets taking eastern Galicia and lands east of the Bug River (i.e., more than half of the country, where the Poles constituted

Osiris

2005-04-01T10:08:00.000-08:00

Also called Usiri, one of the most important gods of ancient Egypt. The origin of Osiris is obscure; he was a local god of Busiris, in Lower Egypt, and may have been a personification of chthonic (underworld) fertility, or possibly a deified hero. By about 2400 BC, however, Osiris clearly played a double role: he was both a god of fertility and the embodiment of the dead and resurrected king. This dual

Rush, William

2005-04-01T02:18:00.000-08:00

Rush trained to make ornamental ship carvings and figureheads. During the American Revolution he served as an officer in Philadelphia's militia and campaigned with George Washington in the city's defense. Shortly after

Aschelminth, Internal features

2005-03-31T05:56:00.000-08:00

The graceful body waves by which nematodes move are brought about by the alternating contraction of dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles acting on the cuticle and opposed by hydrostatic pressure in the body tissues. This hydraulic skeleton affects all aspects of the nematode. The cuticle must resist stretching in length and circumference and yet remain

Haber, Fritz

2005-03-29T19:19:00.000-08:00

After the war Haber's institute became the world's leading centre of research in physical chemistry, with a large and distinguished international staff. All his life he had been an advocate of close relations between science and industry, and he now became active in promoting the national organization of research and in fostering friendly relations with foreign

Metatarsalgia

2005-03-29T04:13:00.000-08:00

Disorder in which the weight of the body, when standing, rests on the centre of the anterior arch of the foot (on the heads of the central metatarsal bones) instead of on the inside and outside of the foot. Pain when walking may be severe, callosities develop on the area of stress, and there is a tendency to fracture of the metatarsals. The cause of metatarsalgia may be developmental

Metatarsalgia

2005-03-28T03:25:00.000-08:00

Organization that seeks to promote free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Established in 1989 in response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the advent of regional economic blocs (such as the European Union and the North American Free Trade Area) in other parts of the world, APEC works to raise living standards

Tasmania, Plant and animal life

2005-03-27T07:10:00.000-08:00

In general, the wettest areas have temperate rain forest, especially the beech or myrtle; areas having 30 to 60 inches of rain annually carry good-quality eucalypt forest; and the drier areas carry poor-quality eucalypt forest or savanna woodland. In certain areas, particularly in the forest of the south and southwest, an almost impenetrable thicket known as horizontal

Ashe, Arthur Robert, Jr.

2005-03-27T06:40:00.000-08:00

U.S. tennis player and social activist (b. July 10, 1943, Richmond, Va.--d. Feb. 6, 1993, New York, N.Y.), captured centre court when he won the men's singles title at the debut of the U.S. Open championship in 1968, becoming the first African-American man to win a Grand Slam event, one of the four major tournaments of the sport. He followed this with men's singles titles at the Australian Open in 1970 and at the All-England

Rhynchotrema

2005-03-26T19:23:00.000-08:00

Extinct genus of brachiopods, or lamp shells, found as fossils in Middle and Late Ordovician rocks (the Ordovician Period lasted from 505 to 438 million years ago). The shell is small and distinctive for its strongly developed ribbing. Rhynchotrema is a useful Ordovician index, or guide, fossil.

Furniture, Clocks

2005-03-26T15:09:00.000-08:00

Clocks are considered furnishings if the movement is enclosed within a case, which need not necessarily be of wood. Clocks can be divided into table clocks and long-case clocks. There were two creative centres for table clocks, namely England and France. In 17th- and 18th-century France, the table clock became an object of monumental design, the best examples of which are

Norfolk

2005-03-25T09:02:00.000-08:00

County, eastern Massachusetts, U.S., southwest and south of Boston, bordered by Massachusetts Bay to the northeast and Rhode Island to the southwest. It consists of an upland region, including the Blue Hills, that is drained by the Charles and Neponset rivers. The main parklands are Wrentham State Forest and F. Gilbert Hills, Bristol Blake, and Webb Memorial state

La Oroya

2005-03-24T22:16:00.000-08:00

Also called Oroya, city, Junín departamento, central Peru, at the junction of the Mantaro and Yauli rivers on a central plateau of the Andes, at an elevation of 12,195 feet (3,717 m). The city, located in a rich mining region based on the Cerro de Pasco, Morococha, and Casapalca mines, is a smelting and refining centre for copper, zinc, silver, and lead ores; it is also the site of a hydroelectric station fed by

Chatoyance

2005-03-24T07:13:00.000-08:00

The property of some minerals to exhibit a wavy, luminous band with a silky lustre, reminiscent of the eye of a cat, in the centre of a cabochon-cut (polished, with a rounded, unfaceted convex surface) stone. The effect, caused by parallel fibres or by oriented imperfections or inclusions within the stone, is typical of cat's-eye, tigereye, satin spar, and bronzite. The fibres,

Norfolk

2005-03-23T20:01:00.000-08:00

Former union of garment and apparel workers in the United States and Canada. It was formed in 1976 by the merger of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (ACWA), a large union representing workers in the men's clothing industry, with the Textile Workers Union of America, a smaller union founded in 1939. The ACWA was originally formed when militant elements within the United

Shrove Tuesday

2005-03-22T20:51:00.000-08:00

The day immediately preceding Ash Wednesday (the beginning of Lent in the Christian churches in the West). It occurs between February 2 and March 9, depending on the date of Easter. Shrove, derived from “shrive,” refers to the confession of sins usual in the European Middle Ages as a preparation for Lent. Shrove Tuesday eventually acquired the character of a carnival or festival

Rackett

2005-03-22T11:46:00.000-08:00

Finger holes were provided. The sound was reedy, low-pitched, and muffled.

Amphitrite

2005-03-22T01:50:00.000-08:00

In Greek mythology, the goddess of the sea, wife of the god Poseidon, and one of the 50 (or 100) daughters (the Nereids) of Nereus and Doris (the daughter of Oceanus). Poseidon chose Amphitrite from among her sisters as the Nereids performed a dance on the isle of Naxos. Refusing his offer of marriage, she fled to Atlas, from whom she was retrieved by a dolphin sent by Poseidon. Amphitrite

Shimabara Rebellion

2005-03-20T07:29:00.000-08:00

The revolt began as a result of dissatisfaction with the heavy taxation and abuses of local officials on the Shimabara Peninsula and the Amakusa-retto Islands.

Endive

2005-03-19T18:22:00.000-08:00

(Cichorium endivia), edible annual leafy plant of the family Asteraceae, variously believed to have originated in Egypt and Indonesia and cultivated in Europe since the 16th century. Its many varieties form two groups, the curly-leaved, or narrow-leaved, endive (crispa), and the Batavian, or broad-leaved, endive (latifolia). The former is mostly used for salads, the latter for

Zaltys

2005-03-19T04:30:00.000-08:00

On special occasions the snake was asked to the table to share the family meal from their

Astome

2005-03-18T16:02:00.000-08:00

Any uniformly ciliated protozoan of the order Astomatida, commonly found in annelid worms and other invertebrates. As the name implies, this parasite has no mouth. Some astomes attach themselves to their hosts by suckers; others use various types of hooks or barbs. Asexual reproduction is by transverse fission. In some cases, chains of individuals form by repeated

Córdoba

2005-03-18T11:50:00.000-08:00

The city was founded in June 1573 by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera, then governor of Tucumán, who named it Córdoba de la Nueva Andalucía (Córdoba of the

Caldera

2005-03-18T06:25:00.000-08:00

(Spanish: “caldron”), large bowlshaped volcanic depression more than one kilometre in diameter and rimmed by infacing scarps. Calderas usually, if not always, form by the collapse of the top of a volcanic cone or group of cones because of removal of the support formerly furnished by an underlying body of magma (molten rock). Often this collapse is of a composite cone that

Sestina

2005-03-17T19:09:00.000-08:00

Elaborate verse form employed by medieval Provençal and Italian, and occasional modern, poets. It consists, in its pure medieval form, of six stanzas of blank verse, each of six lines—hence the name. The final words of the first stanza appear in varied order in the other five, the order used by the Provençals being: abcdef, faebdc, cfdabe, ecbfad, deacfb, bdfeca. Following these

Boito, Arrigo

2005-03-16T20:35:00.000-08:00

The son of an Italian painter of miniatures and a Polish countess, Boito attended the Milan Conservatory and travelled to Paris on a scholarship. There he met Verdi, for whom, in 1862, he wrote

Force, Line Of

2005-03-16T19:55:00.000-08:00

In physics, path followed by an electric charge free to move in an electric field or a mass free to move in a gravitational field, or generally any appropriate test particle in a given force field. More abstractly, lines of force are lines in any such force field the tangent of which at any point gives the field direction at that point and the density of which gives the

Alcamenes

2005-03-15T14:13:00.000-08:00

Sculptor and younger contemporary of Phidias, noted for the delicacy and finish of his works, among which a Hephaestus and an “Aphrodite of the Gardens” are noteworthy. A copy of the head of his “Hermes Propylaeus” at Pergamum has been identified by an inscription, and he is said by the Greek traveler Pausanias (2nd century

Argentina, The radical regime, 191630

2005-03-14T08:28:00.000-08:00

The Radical front was a coalition of heterogeneous social groups, whose competing interests slowed the passage of reforms, despite urgent calls for economic and social change. Not surprisingly, Irigoyen preferred to concentrate on the political ills he had inherited from the conservative regime. The most urgent measure involved political patronage, which

Taboo

2005-03-14T08:13:00.000-08:00

Also spelled tabu , Tongan tabu , Maori tapu the prohibition of an action or the use of an object based on ritualistic distinctions of them either as being sacred and consecrated or as being dangerous, unclean, and accursed. The term taboo is of Polynesian origin and was first noted by Captain James Cook during his visit to Tonga in 1771; he introduced the term into the English language, from which it achieved widespread

Pueblo

2005-03-13T16:49:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1861) of Pueblo county, south-central Colorado, U.S., situated on the Arkansas River, near its confluence with Fountain Creek, at an elevation of 4,690 feet (1,430 metres). Jim Beckwourth, a trader and onetime war chief of the Crow Indians, established a trading post, Fort Pueblo, on the site in 1842; the post was abandoned in 1854 following a period of hostilities between whites and Indians.

Arts, East Asian, Sculpture

2005-03-13T06:54:00.000-08:00

Sculpture did not enjoy a great infusion of creativity during the Edo period. More obviously mannered and stylized interpretations of Buddhist deities and worthies were regularly produced. There were, of course, some sculptors of exceptional talent. Shoun Genkei (1648–1710) is renowned for his production (1688–95) of a set of 500 arhats (disciples of the Buddha) at Gohyaku Rakan Temple in

Neuropteran, Locomotion

2005-03-12T14:02:00.000-08:00

Most larvae have walking legs except in those whose legs are modified for burrowing (Ithonidae and Myrmeleontoidea). The aquatic dobsonfly larvae have a pair of terminal abdominal prolegs that are important in moving in strong currents. The legs, abdominal filaments, and median tail filament of alderfly larvae bear long hairs, or setae, which help to propel them

Port Blair

2005-03-12T13:51:00.000-08:00

City and capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands union territory, India, in the Bay of Bengal. The city lies on the hilly southeastern coast of South Andaman Island. It is a market town with a sawmill, several local museums, and an airport. Pop. (1991 prelim.) 74,810.

Holder, Alfred Theophil

2005-03-12T04:16:00.000-08:00

One of Holder's first major efforts was a two-volume edition of Horace (1864–69), prepared in collaboration with the German

Zadar

2005-03-12T02:33:00.000-08:00

The old town on the peninsula dates from the 9th century BC, when it was a Liburnian settlement

Aeschylus

2005-03-10T08:36:00.000-08:00

Studies of special topics relating to Aeschylus' plays include Anthony J. Podlecki, The Political Background of Aeschylean Tragedy (1966); A.F. Garvie, Aeschylus' “Supplices”: Play and Trilogy (1969); George Thomson, Aeschylus and Athens: A Study in the Social Origins of Drama, 4th ed. (1973), a Marxist study; Anne Lebeck, The Oresteia: A Study in Language and Structure (1971), on the significant connections of imagery; R.P. Winnington-Ingram, Studies in Aeschylus (1983), a collection of insightful essays; Thomas G. Rosenmeyer, The Art of Aeschylus (1982), a critical study; D.J. Conacher, Aeschylus' “Prometheus Bound”: A Literary Commentary (1980); Mark Griffith, The Authenticity of “Prometheus Bound” (1977), a powerful attack on authenticity; and Oliver Taplin, The Stagecraft of Aeschylus: The Dramatic Use of Exits and Entrances in Greek Tragedy (1978), on dramatic techniques and meanings.

Bar, Confederation Of

2005-03-10T08:23:00.000-08:00

In February 1768, Russia had compelled the Polish Sejm (legislature) to abandon projects for internal reform,

China, Prelude to the Han

2005-03-09T22:46:00.000-08:00

From 403 BC onward seven kingdoms other than Chou constituted the ruling authorities in different parts of China, each of which was led by its own king or duke. In theory, the king of Chou, whose territory was by now greatly reduced, was recognized as possessing superior powers and moral overlordship over the other kingdoms, but practical administration lay in the hands

China, Efforts to prevent civil war

2005-03-09T22:08:00.000-08:00

Between May and September 1944, representatives of the government and the CCP carried on peace negotiations at Sian. The main issues were the disposition, size, and command of the Communist armies; the relationship between Communist-organized regional governments and the National Government; and problems of civil rights and legalization of the CCP and its activities

Goncourt, Edmond And Jules

2005-03-09T06:56:00.000-08:00

In full Edmond-louis-antoine Huot De Goncourt and Jules-alfred Huot De Goncourt French brothers, writers and constant collaborators who, despite and partly because of neurotic sensibility, contributed solidly to the Naturalistic novel, social history, and art criticism. Above all, they are remembered for their perceptive, revealing Journal and for Edmond's legacy, the Académie

Biblical Literature, The lawbook

2005-03-08T13:17:00.000-08:00

The laws are the central core and purport of the book of Deuteronomy. They are couched in a hortatory, sermonic style that has led to their being categorized as preached law. Emphatic statements of what must or must not be done are connected with exhortations to fulfill these injunctions, pointing to the motivations and spirit in which they should be carried out. There

Pohnpei

2005-03-07T04:36:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Ponape, also called Ascension, high coral-capped volcanic island, eastern Caroline Islands; it and nearby atolls constitute a state in the Federated States of Micronesia, in the western Pacific. Pohnpei island is roughly square and has a land area of 129 square miles (334 square km). It is well watered, hilly (rising to Mount Totolom, 2,593 feet [790 m]), and is surrounded by a barrier reef with many small islets. Its fertile

Harald Ii Eiriksson,

2005-03-07T02:07:00.000-08:00

The son of Erik Bloodax, who was the half brother of Haakon I, Harald took refuge in Denmark following his father's death. Aided by his uncle, the Danish king Harald Bluetooth (Blåtand), Harald

Edwin

2005-03-06T17:03:00.000-08:00

The son of King Aelle of Deira, one of the two Northumbrian kingdoms, Edwin fled into exile when Aethelric, king of Bernicia, seized power in Deira in 588 or 590. In 616 King Raedwald of East Anglia defeated and killed Aethelric's

Irigaray, Luce

2005-03-06T10:29:00.000-08:00

Irigaray was a member of the Freudian School of Paris, founded by Jacques Lacan, and taught at the University of Paris VIII-Vincennes from 1968 until she was dismissed in 1974 because of her doctoral thesis. Entitled Speculum de l'autre femme (Speculum

Bottom Water

2005-03-06T05:04:00.000-08:00

Dense, lowermost layer of ocean water that can be distinguished clearly from overlying waters by its characteristic temperature, salinity, and oxygen content. Most bottom waters of the South Pacific, southern Indian Ocean, South Atlantic, and portions of the North Atlantic are formed near Antarctica during the southern winter. The partial freezing of seawater

Clovis I

2005-03-05T14:16:00.000-08:00

Clovis was the son

Roubiliac, Louis-françois

2005-03-04T21:02:00.000-08:00

Roubiliac was apprenticed to a sculptor of ivory and porcelain, Balthasar Permoser, and later became assistant to Nicolas Coustou, a French Baroque sculptor. He moved to London about 1732. His first independent commission was a statue of Handel for Vauxhall Gardens in 1737. A year

Glinka, Mikhail

2005-03-04T17:54:00.000-08:00

Glinka first became interested in music at age 10 or 11, when he heard his uncle's private orchestra. He studied at the Chief Pedagogic Institute at St. Petersburg

Aesopus, Claudius

2005-03-04T09:03:00.000-08:00

Claudius also spelled Clodius most eminent of the Roman tragedians, contemporary and intimate friend of Cicero, whom he instructed in elocution, and regarded by Horace as the equal of the great Roman comic actor Roscius. Aesopus became completely absorbed in his roles; the biographer Plutarch mentions that, while playing the part of Atreus deliberating revenge, Aesopus forgot himself

Sup'ung Dam

2005-03-03T17:02:00.000-08:00

Korean Sup'ung-Dam , Chinese (Wade-Giles) Shui-feng Shui-pa , or (Pinyin) Shuifeng Shuiba hydroelectric project on the Yalu River at the Korean border with Liaoning sheng (province), China, upstream from Tan-tung. It was originally designed as a joint project of the Japanese-controlled Manchukuo government, which administered Manchuria from 1931 to 1945, and the Japanese administration in Korea to supply power for the industrial developments in Manchuria and

Anheuser-busch Companies, Inc.

2005-03-03T06:41:00.000-08:00

The company had its origins in a small brewery opened in St. Louis by George Schneider in 1852. This faltering enterprise was bought by the soap manufacturer Eberhard Anheuser in 1860, and the following year Anheuser's daughter married Adolphus Busch (q.v.), a brewery

Cylinder Seal

2005-03-01T11:05:00.000-08:00

Small stone cylinder engraved in intaglio on its surface to leave impressions when rolled on wet clay. Cylinder seals are characteristic artifacts of ancient Mesopotamian civilization and are considered some of its finest artistic achievements. The seals first appear during the Protoliterate Period (c. 3400–2900 BC), and, although the earliest examples used primarily geometric,

Turin Faience

2005-03-01T05:32:00.000-08:00

Tin-glazed earthenware made in Turin, Italy, from the 16th century through the 18th. It is known that the Genoese G.G. Bianchi opened a pottery factory in Turin in 1646. In 1725 Giorgio Rossetti expanded Turin's faience industry, in which he was followed by his descendants. Another factory was that of G.A. Ardizzone (flourished 1765). These 18th-century potters produced such wares as faience plates

Wagner, Richard

2005-03-01T00:42:00.000-08:00

Wagner's single-handed creation of his own type of musical drama was a fantastic accomplishment, considering the scale and scope of his art. His method was to condense the confused mass of material at his disposal—the innumerable conflicting versions of the legend chosen as a basis—into a taut dramatic scheme. In this scheme, as in his model, the Oresteia of Aeschylus,

Irish Elk

2005-02-28T16:32:00.000-08:00

Genus (Megaloceros) of extinct giant elk commonly found as fossils in Pleistocene deposits in Europe and Asia (the Pleistocene Epoch began 1,600,000 years ago and ended about 10,000 years ago). The Irish elk, about the size of the modern moose, had the largest antlers of any form of deer known—in some specimens, 4 m (about 13 feet) across. The antlers differed from those of the modern elk; the main

Gaugamela, Battle Of

2005-02-27T22:16:00.000-08:00

Also called Battle of Arbela (Oct. 1, 331 BC) clash between the forces of Alexander the Great of Macedonia and Darius III of Persia that decided the fate of the Persian empire. Attempting to stop Alexander's incursion into the Persian empire, Darius prepared a battleground on the Plain of Gaugamela, near Arbela (present-day Irbil in northern Iraq), and posted his troops to await Alexander's advance. Darius had

Managua

2005-02-27T21:06:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Nicaragua, lying amid small crater lakes on the southern shore of Lake Managua. One of Central America's warmest capitals, the city is only 163 feet (50 m) above sea level. Throughout the Spanish colonial period, Managua was recognized only as an Indian town, outranked by the relatively nearby Spanish cities of León and Granada. Its choice as a permanent capital

Belinsky, Vissarion Grigoryevich

2005-02-27T14:01:00.000-08:00

The son of a provincial doctor, Belinsky was expelled from the University of Moscow (1832) and earned his living thereafter as a journalist. His first substantial critical articles were part

Muhammad Xi

2005-02-27T10:00:00.000-08:00

Instigated by his mother, a jealous wife, Boabdil rebelled against his father, the sultan Abu al-Hasan 'Ali (called in Spanish sources Muley Hacén, or Alboacen); and with the aid of the Abencerrajes

Taraki, Nur Mohammad

2005-02-26T22:32:00.000-08:00

Born into a rural Pashtun family, Taraki attended night school while working as a clerk in Bombay, India, where he learned English. In the late 1940s he worked in the press department of the Afghan government and in 1953 was appointed attaché at the

Ear Disease, Secretory otitis media

2005-02-25T22:36:00.000-08:00

In secretory otitis media the middle-ear cavity becomes filled with a clear, pale yellowish, noninfected fluid. The disorder is the result of inadequate ventilation of the middle ear through the eustachian tube. The air in the middle ear, when it is no longer replenished through this tube, is gradually absorbed by the mucous membrane, and fluid takes its place. Eventually,

Biblical Literature, Other Pentateuchal theories

2005-02-25T21:34:00.000-08:00

This documentary theory of the composition of the Pentateuch has been challenged by eminent 20th-century scholars who have offered alternative or additional methods of analysis and interpretation. Form criticism, for example, has stressed particular literary forms and the historical setting out of which they arose: the sagas, laws, legends, and other forms and

Rabbinic Judaism

2005-02-25T21:11:00.000-08:00

The normative form of Judaism that developed after the fall of the Temple of Jerusalem (AD 70). Originating in the work of the Pharisaic rabbis, it was based on the legal and commentative literature in the Talmud, and it set up a mode of worship and a life discipline that were to be practiced by Jews worldwide down to modern times.

Oryol

2005-02-24T11:32:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Or'ol, or Orel, oblast (province), western Russia, occupying an area of rolling hills of the Central Russian Upland, into which are cut many broad, shallow river valleys. The greater part is in the basin of the upper Oka River. The oblast, centred on Oryol city, lies on the boundary of the mixed forest and forest-steppe zones. The soils indicate a former widespread forest cover, but this has

Natchez

2005-02-23T11:45:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1817) of Adams county, southwestern Mississippi, U.S., on the Mississippi River (there bridged to Vidalia, Louisiana), about 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Vicksburg. Established in 1716 as Fort Rosalie by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, it survived a massacre (1729) by Natchez Indians for whom it was later named. It passed from France to England (1763) at the conclusion of the French and

Disa

2005-02-23T07:48:00.000-08:00

Most species bear flowers ranging in colour from white to purple and in diameter from about 0.5 to 10 centimetres (about 0.2 to 4 inches). The upper sepal of each flower usually has a spur and stands upright,

Ubs Ag

2005-02-22T20:22:00.000-08:00

The Swiss Bank Corporation was founded in 1854 as the Basler Bank-Verein (Basel Bank Corporation) and became a joint-stock company in 1872. It specialized in investment banking. In 1895 its name was changed to Basler und Zürcher Bankverein when it

Biblical Literature, Prophetic themes and actions

2005-02-22T13:46:00.000-08:00

The first section of the book (chapters 1–24) contains prophecies against Judah and Jerusalem. Ezekiel's call is recorded in chapter 1 to chapter 3, verse 15. It came in a vision of four heavenly cherubim, who appeared in a wind from the north, a cloud, and flashing fire (lightning?)—traditional symbolic elements of a theophany (manifestation of a god) in ancient Near Eastern religions.

Yamato-koriyama

2005-02-21T10:56:00.000-08:00

Also called Koriyama-kingyo (Koriyama-Goldfish), city, Nara ken (prefecture), western Honshu, Japan. It is located 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Nara city. A prehistoric settlement, it became a castle town during the last decade of the 15th century. With the opening of a trunk line of the National Railway, a modern textile factory was established there in 1893. The most important industry of the city has been goldfish

Chan-chiang

2005-02-21T10:45:00.000-08:00

Originally Chan-chiang was a minor fishing port in the area dominated by the city of Hai-k'ang (Lei-chou), some 22 miles (35 km) to the southwest, and at one time harboured a notorious

Itaipú Dam

2005-02-21T02:44:00.000-08:00

Hollow gravity dam on the Alto (Upper) Paraná River at the Brazil-Paraguay border, north of the town of Ciudad del Este, Paraguay. In terms of power output, it is one of the world's largest hydroelectric projects. Its 18 massive turbine generators, located in the powerhouse at the base of the dam, are capable of generating 12,600 megawatts of electricity. Built as a joint venture by

Leninism

2005-02-19T21:04:00.000-08:00

In the Communist

Bald Cypress

2005-02-19T15:51:00.000-08:00

A young bald cypress is symmetrical and pyramidal;

Kabardino-balkaria

2005-02-19T04:13:00.000-08:00

Republic in southwestern Russia, on the northern flank of the Greater Caucasus range. It is divided into three main relief regions. In the south is the Greater Caucasus, the crest of which forms the boundary. Four mountain ranges—Glavny, Peredovoy, Skalisty, and Chornye—run parallel. The highest peaks are Elbrus (18,510 feet [5,642 m]) and Dykh-Tau (17,073 feet [5,204 m]). There are many, often extensive,

Epistemology, Skepticism

2005-02-18T18:04:00.000-08:00

Many philosophers past and present and many nonphilosophers who are studying philosophy for the first time have been struck by the seemingly indecisive nature of philosophical argumentation. For every argument, there seems to be a counterargument; and for every position, a counterposition. To a considerable extent skepticism is born of such reflection. Some

Pacific Mountain System, Geology

2005-02-18T13:34:00.000-08:00

In general, the movement of tectonic plates has been responsible for the development of the Pacific mountain system. The coastal mountains from the Queen Charlotte Islands southward to southern California have been folded, faulted, and intruded with molten rock as a result of this movement. The most significant activity has been the lateral, northerly movement

Blood

2005-02-18T10:03:00.000-08:00

Technically, blood is a transport liquid pumped by the heart (or an equivalent structure) to all parts of the body, after which it is returned to the heart to repeat the process.

Aix-la-chapelle, Congress Of

2005-02-17T23:07:00.000-08:00

(Oct. 1–Nov. 15, 1818), the first of the four congresses held by Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and France to discuss and take common action on European problems following the Napoleonic Wars (1800–15). This congress (held at Aix-la-Chapelle—now Aachen, Ger.) was attended by Alexander I of Russia, Francis I of Austria, Frederick William III of Prussia, and their representatives. Great Britain

Aix-la-chapelle, Congress Of

2005-02-15T22:29:00.000-08:00

Though beginning in the mid-1950s as a collection of various groups opposed to the government of President Diem, the Viet Cong

Scandinavian Literature, Contemporary trends

2005-02-15T20:26:00.000-08:00

In reaction to the literature of the 1940s and 1950s, which was much concerned with artistic form and the individual approach to life, the 1960s was a period of political and social commitment in poetry and fiction alike. Recurrent topics were the war in Vietnam and bitter onslaughts on the Swedish welfare state. Inde pendent lyric poetry, however, continued to be produced by writers

Arts, Central Asian, Tibetan literature

2005-02-15T03:53:00.000-08:00

Tibetan was developed as a literary language from the 7th century onward as a result of earlier cultural contacts with neighbouring Buddhist countries—namely, the small states of the Takla Makan, especially Khotan (Ho-t'ien) and the kingdoms of ancient northwestern India (modern Gilgit, Kashmir, and Kullu) and Nepal. Scripts of Indian origin were in use in these countries,

Palau

2005-02-14T23:49:00.000-08:00

Since the end of World War II, the major employer in Palau has been government—first the U.S. Navy, then the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and finally the government of Palau. Nevertheless, in the rural areas outside Koror the subsistence economy is active. Women typically gather and cultivate wet taro, sweet potato, and cassava, and men fish and tend pigs, which

F-14

2005-02-14T21:36:00.000-08:00

The F-14 is equipped with variable-geometry

Sculpture, Western, Romanesque

2005-02-14T16:15:00.000-08:00

The term Romanesque—coined in 1818 —denotes in art the medieval synthesis of the widespread Roman architectural and artistic heritage and various regional influences, such as Teutonic, Scandinavian, Byzantine, and Muslim. Although derived primarily from the remains of a highly centralized imperial culture, the Romanesque flowered during a period of fragmented

Bribery

2005-02-13T01:37:00.000-08:00

The act of promising, giving, receiving, or agreeing to receive money or some other item of value with the corrupt aim of influencing a public official in the discharge of his official duties. When money has been offered or promised in exchange for a corrupt act, the official involved need not actually accomplish that act for the offense of bribery to be complete. The

Kaganovich, Lazar Moiseyevich

2005-02-12T15:40:00.000-08:00

As a young Jewish shoemaker, Kaganovich became involved in the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (in 1911) and in 1920 was made head of the Soviet government of Tashkent. His success in consolidating Soviet

Nagai Kafu

2005-02-12T10:32:00.000-08:00

Rebellious as a youth, Kafu failed to finish his university studies and was sent abroad from 1903 to 1908. Before he left, he had produced three novels, which were influenced by French naturalism. After he returned to Japan he continued to be a student and translator

Ilbert Bill

2005-02-11T17:11:00.000-08:00

In the history of India, a controversial measure proposed in 1883 that sought to allow senior Indian magistrates to preside over cases involving British subjects in India. The bill, severely weakened by compromise, was enacted by the Indian Legislative Council on Jan. 25, 1884. The bitter controversy surrounding the measure deepened antagonism between British and Indians

Amphibole

2005-02-11T06:30:00.000-08:00

Exhibiting an extensive range of possible cation substitutions, amphiboles crystallize in both igneous and metamorphic rocks with a broad range of bulk chemical compositions. Because of their relative instability to chemical weathering at the Earth's surface, amphiboles make up only a minor constituent in most sedimentary rocks.

Chekhov, Anton

2005-02-11T06:09:00.000-08:00

In March 1897 Chekhov had suffered a lung hemorrhage caused by tuberculosis, symptoms of which had become apparent considerably earlier. Now forced to acknowledge himself a semi-invalid, Chekhov sold his Melikhovo estate and built a villa in Yalta, the Crimean coastal resort. From then on he spent most of his winters there or on the French Riviera, cut off from the intellectual

Adalbert

2005-02-10T22:04:00.000-08:00

Adalbert joined his father in 946–947 in fighting the co-kings of Italy, Hugh of Provence and his son Lothair. After Lothair's death in 950, Adalbert was crowned with Berengar at Pavia.

Aiken

2005-02-09T21:36:00.000-08:00

The area was inhabited by Algonquian-speaking Savannah

Kara Koyunlu

2005-02-09T02:39:00.000-08:00

The Kara Koyunlu were vassals of the Jalayirid dynasty of Baghdad and Tabriz from about 1375, when the head of their leading tribe, Kara Muhammad Turmush (reigned c. 1375–90), ruled Mosul. The federation secured its independence with the seizure of Tabriz (which became its capital) by Kara Yusuf (reigned 1390–1400; 1406–20). Routed by the

FullBoot

Wasil Ibn 'ata'

Arupa-loka

Kuwait

Writing

Mental Disorder, Affective disorders

Poland, History Of, World War II

Osiris

Rush, William

Aschelminth, Internal features

Haber, Fritz

Metatarsalgia

Metatarsalgia

Tasmania, Plant and animal life

Ashe, Arthur Robert, Jr.

Rhynchotrema

Furniture, Clocks

Norfolk

La Oroya

Chatoyance

Norfolk

Shrove Tuesday

Rackett

Amphitrite

Shimabara Rebellion

Endive

Zaltys

Astome

Córdoba

Caldera

Sestina

Boito, Arrigo

Force, Line Of

Alcamenes

Argentina, The radical regime, 191630

Taboo

Pueblo

Arts, East Asian, Sculpture

Neuropteran, Locomotion

Port Blair

Holder, Alfred Theophil

Zadar

Aeschylus

Bar, Confederation Of

China, Prelude to the Han

China, Efforts to prevent civil war

Goncourt, Edmond And Jules

Biblical Literature, The lawbook

Pohnpei

Harald Ii Eiriksson,

Edwin

Irigaray, Luce

Bottom Water

Clovis I

Roubiliac, Louis-françois

Glinka, Mikhail

Aesopus, Claudius

Sup'ung Dam

Anheuser-busch Companies, Inc.

Cylinder Seal

Turin Faience

Wagner, Richard

Irish Elk

Gaugamela, Battle Of

Managua

Belinsky, Vissarion Grigoryevich

Muhammad Xi

Taraki, Nur Mohammad

Ear Disease, Secretory otitis media

Biblical Literature, Other Pentateuchal theories

Rabbinic Judaism

Oryol

Natchez

Disa

Ubs Ag

Biblical Literature, Prophetic themes and actions

Yamato-koriyama

Chan-chiang

Itaipú Dam

Leninism

Argentina, The radical regime, 191630